Reasons Behind the Refusal of Relocation Among Victims of the Cold Lava Flood Disaster of Mount Marapi: A Study in Nagari Bukik Batabuah, Canduang District, Agam Regency

Abstract

This study explores the reasons why some victims of the cold lava flood disaster from Mount Marapi in Nagari Bukik Batabuah, Canduang District, Agam Regency, refuse relocation despite the government’s provision of safer sites and supporting facilities as part of disaster mitigation efforts. Their refusal is influenced not only by physical considerations but also by deep-rooted socio-cultural and socio-economic factors. The study aims to describe the socio-cultural and socio-economic backgrounds of the affected victims and to analyze the reasoning and actions of those who reject relocation. Guided by Max Weber’s theory of social action—particularly the instrumentally rational type—this research employs a qualitative descriptive approach. Informants were selected through purposive sampling, and data were gathered through observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal seven primary reasons for refusing relocation: (1) fear of losing ownership of land, assets, and property; (2) the potential loss of close social relationships and community solidarity; (3) emotional attachment to their hometown, homes, and ancestral graves; (4) apprehension about building new social relationships in an unfamiliar environment; (5) livelihood dependence on the current location; (6) concerns regarding children’s education and access to healthcare in the relocation area; and (7) doubts about the adequacy of facilities and economic opportunities in the new settlement despite prior government outreach. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating social, cultural, and economic dimensions into relocation policies to ensure community acceptance and long-term sustainability.